Добавил справочные материалы

Lotus Base Engine Analysis Tools 4.02c/BATS98.HLP/BATS98.hpj

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+[OPTIONS]
+TITLE=BATS98 on-line help
+CONTENTS=3Y1QWCD
+COPYRIGHT=Copyright Lotus Engineering, 1998.
+LCID=0x809 0x0 0x0
+CNT=BATS98.CNT
+COMPRESS=12
+
+[WINDOWS]
+main="Bats V3.01 - On Line Help",(0,21,696,785),28676,,(160,218,139)
+proc2="",(474,6,538,749),12292,(255,255,226),(160,218,139)
+picture="Bats V3.01 - Image",(289,27,729,834),12548,,,f2
+
+[CONFIG]
+BrowseButtons()
+
+[FILES]
+BATS98.rtf
+

Lotus Base Engine Analysis Tools 4.02c/BATS98.HLP/BATS98.ph

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+(
+)
+),
+,
+-
+.
+/
+2
+acceptable
+and
+applied
+are
+assembly
+associated
+assumed
+available
+be
+Bearing
+bearing
+between
+Bolt
+bolt
+calculation
+calculations
+capability
+clamp
+clamping
+clearance
+Component
+conditions
+connecting
+contact
+Cylinder
+cylinder
+Data
+data
+derived
+determine
+determined
+diameter
+Diameter
+Drawing
+effective
+engagement
+Engine
+establish
+factor
+fastener
+Foot
+for
+Free
+from
+gasket
+head
+housing
+Housing
+Identification
+identified
+individual
+Interference
+interference
+is
+item
+Joint
+joint
+Length
+length
+lever
+load
+loads
+material
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+Maximum
+minimum
+mm
+Modulus
+N
+Number
+Numbers
+Objectives
+obtained
+of
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+overstand
+overview
+Overview
+particular
+portion
+Preload
+Procedure
+program
+Program
+Project
+properties
+range
+ratio
+relative
+required
+Requirements
+reserve
+Results
+rod
+shell
+specification
+Specification
+stiffness
+strength
+stress
+stresses
+suitability
+the
+The
+thickness
+Thickness
+this
+Thread
+thread
+tightening
+to
+Tolerance
+torque
+Typical
+under
+underhead
+Value
+values
+Variable
+Young
+'
+(>
+).
+0.012
+1
+1.0
+1.2
+10.9
+200
+3
+4
+5
+6
+75
+:
+A
+a
+addition
+adequate
+all
+allows
+also
+alternating
+Aluminium
+an
+analysis
+Analysis
+angle
+Angle
+any
+application
+Area
+area
+arms
+as
+assumes
+at
+b
+backing
+base
+based
+basic
+Bats
+bearings
+Bees
+being
+Big
+Bolts
+bolts
+BS3643
+by
+C
+c
+calculate
+can
+cap
+Capability
+carry
+cases
+Checking
+Class
+class
+Coeff
+Coefficient
+column
+common
+Comp
+compared
+comparing
+component
+compressive
+condition
+confirm
+Connecting
+construction
+Contact
+conventional
+Core
+correct
+Crush
+crush
+d
+Date
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+Defined
+defines
+depending
+derive
+design
+detailed
+details
+Dia
+diagram
+difference
+dimensions
+Due
+e
+Each
+eccentric
+eccentrically
+effects
+either
+end
+End
+Endurance
+endurance
+engaged
+engagements
+engine
+entry
+equivalent
+Estimates
+Expansion
+External
+external
+f
+Face
+factored
+failure
+fatigue
+felt
+fibre
+first
+fit
+fix
+For
+four
+friction
+Friction
+g
+gas
+Gasket
+geometry
+given
+grade
+Grade
+grades
+greater
+h
+half
+Half
+Head
+high
+I
+i
+ID
+Identifies
+identify
+ie
+in
+In
+included
+including
+Internal
+Items
+its
+j
+Journal
+k
+kg
+l
+layer
+lead
+lengths
+less
+Lever
+leverage
+likely
+Limit
+limit
+Linear
+Load
+low
+m
+Main
+main
+maintain
+Mass
+Material
+metal
+metric
+Minimum
+moment
+Multiplier
+must
+n
+nature
+next
+No
+Nominal
+not
+Notes
+o
+oC
+on
+one
+only
+Operating
+options
+or
+Outer
+output
+Overstand
+p
+peak
+Pitch
+Plain
+plain
+point
+Poisson
+preload
+pressures
+proposed
+provide
+q
+r
+ranges
+Ratio
+Real
+relaxation
+relevant
+results
+Rod
+rolled
+s
+Section
+section
+Sections
+sections
+Select
+selected
+separation
+Shank
+shank
+sheet
+Shell
+should
+size
+Specific
+specific
+Specify
+split
+spread
+start
+Steel
+Stiffness
+Strength
+Stress
+sufficient
+t
+targets
+Temperature
+temperature
+Tensile
+tensile
+tension
+terms
+than
+that
+then
+theoretical
+theory
+thermal
+Thick
+threaded
+three
+through
+tightened
+Tightening
+To
+together
+tolerances
+top
+Torque
+towards
+Type
+u
+used
+User
+user
+UTS
+v
+value
+variation
+vary
+vertical
+via
+w
+Waisted
+Wall
+Washer
+which
+whilst
+with
+within
+world
+would
+x
+x10
+y
+yield
+Yield

Lotus Base Engine Analysis Tools 4.02c/BATS98.HLP/BATS98.rtf

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+{\rtf1\ansi\deff1
+{\fonttbl{\f0\froman Times New Roman;}{\f1\fswiss Arial;}}
+{\stylesheet{\fs28 \snext0 Normal;}
+}\pard\plain
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\b\fs28 BATS98  - Program Overview
+\par \pard \plain\uldb\fs20 
+\par \pard\qc {\up K}
+\{bmc bm0.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \pard Bats is a collection of individual bolted joint calculatio{\up K}
+ns, that are normally applied to critical fasteners. Some of the sections are specific to a particular joint, such as an automotive split cap connecting rod, whilst others are more generic and may be applied to any bolt.
+\par 
+\par The individual calculation modules are identified below:
+\par 
+\par \pard\fi715 \uldb \{bmc bm1.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par 1) \uldb BATS\plain\fs20  - Bolt Capability Analysis
+\par 
+\par \pard\li705\fi5 Select from the data base of BS3643 thread details the required bolt size and class of fit, identify the material properties to determine the maximum and minimum bolt clamp loads, the associated required lengths of thread engagements for both plastic and elastic tightening.
+\par \pard 
+\par \pard\fi715 \uldb \{bmc bm2.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par 2) \uldb JOINT\plain\fs20  - Specific Bolt Specification
+\par 
+\par \pard\li705\fi5 Select from the data base of BS3643 thread details the required bolt size and class of fit, identify the material properties to determine the maximum and minimum bolt clamp loads, the associated required lengths of thread engagements, for the chosen tightening regime. Select from either yield tightened, torque + angle or torque tightened. The minimum torque capacity of a detailed 'friction' joint is also determined with the associated maximum contact stress.
+\par \pard 
+\par \pard\fi715 \uldb \{bmc bm3.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li705\fi5 3) \uldb BEES\plain\fs20  - Half Bearing Shell Interference
+\par 
+\par \pard\li705 Calculates the variation in the clearance and interference characteristics of a thin shell bearing in a split housing, (i.e. connecting rods and main bearings). The inclusion of component tolerances and thermal properties allows the total population to be analysed through the operating temperature range. This identifies the variation in bearing clearance, stresses in bearings, bearing 'crush' loads and bearing contact pressures. 
+\par 
+\par \pard\fi715 \uldb \{bmc bm4.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li705\fi5 4) \uldb JOINT2\plain\fs20  - Connecting Rod Bolt
+\par 
+\par Identifies the suitability of a particular bolt and tightening specification to the applied loads for the detailed connecting rod application. The user defines basic engine geometry and masses together with the proposed operating speed. Real world joint effects are included via a joint lever ratio, bearing shell interference and relative stiffness calculations.
+\par \pard\li705 
+\par \pard\fi715 \uldb \{bmc bm5.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li705\fi5 5) \uldb JOINT3\plain\fs20  - Main Bearing Bolt
+\par 
+\par Identifies the suitability of a particular bolt and tightening specification to the applied loads for the detailed main bearing application. The user defines basic engine geometry and peak bearing loads. Real world joint effects are included via a joint lever ratio, bearing shell interference and relative stiffness calculations.
+\par 
+\par \pard\li705 
+\par \pard\fi715 \uldb \{bmc bm6.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li705\fi5 6) \uldb JOINT4\plain\fs20  - Cylinder Head Bolt
+\par 
+\par Identifies the suitability of a particular bolt and tightening specification to the applied loads for the detailed cylinder head application. The user defines basic engine geometry and peak gas loads. Real world joint effects are included via a gasket stiffness, gasket relaxation and relative stiffness calculations.
+\par 
+\par 
+\par \pard\fi5 A number of the calculations share either common data or the results from one calculation form part of the input to another. The use of 'Import' functions allows these 'common' values to moved between the individual calculation data screens.
+\par 
+\par Each calculation has its own window that contain three discrete sections. The first is the identification section that contains time, date and description strings. The second is the data entry section, which through either spread sheet type format or individual value entry and selection boxes the required data is entered. The third section displays the calculation results in a scrollable spread sheet, with design targets identified where relevant.
+\par \pard\fi5 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\b\fs28 Bats - Bolt Capability Analysis - Overview
+\par \pard \plain\fs20 
+\par \b 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm1.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Procedure
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 A metric thread size is selected from the available options within BS3643, this together with its material grade are used to establish the clamp capability of a particular thread size. Alternatively different thread sizes/grades/tightening procedures are reviewed to identify the required thread size for a particular minimum pre-load.
+\par \pard 
+\par \b Results
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The tensile stress area of the defined fastener. The maximum available clamp loads and associated range of clamp loads from either yield tightening or torque tightening the defined fastener. Estimates of torque a angle for yield tightening are identified as are the likely length of thread engagement that each load range will require.
+\par \pard \b 
+\par 
+\par 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\fs28 Bats - Bolt Capability Analysis - Data Requirements
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm1.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Identification:
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\cellx9095\pard\intbl\qc Project ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Engine ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Bolt ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Date\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\cellx9095\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \b 
+\par 
+\par Program Objectives:
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li845\tx355 1) \tab To establish the available bolt preload alternatives for a given bolt.
+\par \pard\tx355          or   2)\tab Identify the required bolt size to achieve a target minimum clamp load.
+\par 
+\par 
+\par \pard\tx355 \b Drawing Numbers:
+\par \pard\tx355 \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \f1 Component\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Number\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Data Requirements:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 a\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i b\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Thread Pitch (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i c\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 External Thread Class\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i d\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Internal Thread Class\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i e\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Material Grade
+\par\intbl   \i\b 1\plain\fs20    Select from grades (ie 10.9)
+\par\intbl   \i\b 2\plain\fs20    User Defined\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i f\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 2\plain\fs20  Bolt UTS (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i g\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 2\plain\fs20  Bolt Yield (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i h\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 External Thread UTS range (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i i\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Shank Type
+\par\intbl   \i\b 1\plain\fs20            Plain
+\par\intbl   \i\b 2\plain\b\fs20  \plain\fs20     or  Waisted\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl {\up K}
+\pard\intbl\qc \i j\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 2\plain\fs20 , Waisted Shank Dia (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i k\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Internal Thread UTS (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i l\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Free Bolt Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i m\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Thread Coefficient of Friction\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par 
+\par \f1 Notes:
+\par 
+\par \plain\fs20 1) Typical external thread UTS range, (item \i h\plain\fs20 ), is 200 N/mm2, i.e the difference from one grade to the next.
+\par 
+\par 2) Free bolt length, (item \i l),\plain\fs20  is the length of the fastener under tension, i.e. first engaged thread to bolt underhead.\b 
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 \b\fs28 Joint - Specific Bolt Specification - Overview
+\par \pard \plain\fs20 
+\par \b 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm2.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Procedure
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 A metric thread size is selected from the available options within BS3643, this together with its material grade are used to establish the clamp capability of a particular thread size at a defined tightening condition.
+\par \pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Results
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The tensile stress area of the defined fastener. The maximum available clamp loads and associated range of clamp loads from the specified tightening procedure. Estimates of a service torque and angle are identified for yield tightening as are the likely length of required thread engagement.
+\par \pard \b 
+\par 
+\par 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 \fs28 Joint - Specific Bolt Specification - Data Requirements
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm2.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Identification:
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\cellx9095\pard\intbl\qc Project ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Engine ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Joint ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Date\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\cellx9095\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \b 
+\par 
+\par Program Objectives:
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li845\tx355 1) \tab To establish the bolt preload variation.
+\par 2)\tab To set the length of required thread engagement.
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft2264 \cellx5455\cellx7365\pard\intbl Actual engagement  (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Drawing Numbers:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \f1 Component\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Number\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Data Requirements:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 a\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i b\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Thread Pitch (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i c\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 External Thread Class\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i d\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Internal Thread Class\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i e\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Material Grade
+\par\intbl   \i\b 1\plain\fs20    Select from grades (ie 10.9)
+\par\intbl   \i\b 2\plain\fs20    User Defined\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i f\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 2\plain\fs20  Bolt UTS (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i g\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 2\plain\fs20  Bolt Yield (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i h\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 External Thread UTS range (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i i\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Shank Type
+\par\intbl   \i\b 1\plain\fs20            Plain
+\par\intbl   \i\b 2\plain\b\fs20  \plain\fs20     or  Waisted\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i j\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 2\plain\fs20 , Waisted Shank Dia (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i k\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Internal Thread UTS (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i l\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Free Bolt Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i m\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Thread Coefficient of Friction\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i n\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Tightening Technique
+\par\intbl   \i\b 1\plain\fs20          Yield Tightened
+\par\intbl   \i\b 2\plain\fs20     or  Maximum Torque 
+\par\intbl   \i\b 3\plain\fs20     or  Specify Torque
+\par\intbl   \i\b 4\plain\fs20     or  Specify Torque and Angle\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i o\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 3\plain\i\fs20  \plain\fs20 and \i 4\plain\fs20 , Tightening Torgue (N/m)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i p\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20     for \i\b 4\plain\fs20 , Angle (deg)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i q\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 No of Bolts\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i r\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Contact Area OD (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i s\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Contact Area ID (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i t\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Joint Friction Coeff\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par 
+\par \f1 Notes:
+\par 
+\par \plain\fs20 1) Items \i q\plain\fs20  to \i t\plain\fs20  are only relevant for friction drive joints, i.e. flywheel palm.
+\par 
+\par 2) Typical external thread UTS range, (item \i h\plain\fs20 ), is 200 N/mm2, i.e the difference from one grade to the next.
+\par 
+\par 3) Free bolt length, (item \i l),\plain\fs20  is the length of the fastener under tension, i.e. first engaged thread to bolt underhead.\plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 \b\fs28 Bees - Half Bearing Shell Interference - Overview
+\par \pard \plain\fs20 
+\par \b 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm3.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Procedure
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 A connecting rod bolt is required to provide sufficient clamp load under all assembly and operating conditions to maintain contact between the connecting rod and the cap.  In addition the alternating load \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 felt\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  by the bolt must not lead to fatigue failure of the bolt.  Bolt under head stresses at the maximum clamp load must be less than the compressive yield strength of the connecting rod cap, and the minimum length of thread engagement must be greater than that required to carry the maximum bolt load.
+\par \pard\li565 Bolt loads and stresses are based on the joint diagram, derived from the relative stiffness of bolt, shell, and rod.  The bolt \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 felt\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  load can then be determined for any given applied load.
+\par Due to the eccentric nature of the joint, applied loads are factored by an assumed lever ratio, this lever ratio being derived from the joint moment arms
+\par The joint diagram can also be used to determine the theoretical separation point, by including the leverage ratio of the eccentrically applied load, and comparing to the minimum clamp load, which is based on the condition of minimum bolt load and the maximum bearing overstand.
+\par \pard\li565 Thick shell theory and the bearing and housing dimensions are used to derive the maximum bearing shell overstand, stiffness, and crush load under assembly conditions.
+\par \pard 
+\par \b Results
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The variation of the bearing clearance throughout the defined tolerance and temperature ranges. The maximum bearing overstand, and hence crush load are identified. Contact pressures between the shell and the housing are compared to design targets for adequate protection against fretting. The stresses in the bearing shells should be compared to the yield strength of the bearing backing material.
+\par \pard \b 
+\par 
+\par 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\fs28 Bees - Half Bearing Shell Interference - Data Requirements
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm3.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Identification:
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\cellx9095\pard\intbl\qc Project ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Engine ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Bearing ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Date\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\cellx9095\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \b 
+\par 
+\par Program Objectives:
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li845\tx355 1) \tab To predict the bearing shell stiffness.
+\par 2)\tab To calculate the maximum bearing shell crush load.
+\par 3) \tab To calculate the operating clearance range.
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 \b Drawing Numbers:
+\par \pard\tx355 \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \f1 Component\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Number\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Data Requirements:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 a\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Housing Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i b\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Housing Tolerance (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i c\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Journal Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i d\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Journal Tolerance (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i e\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Max Wall Thickness (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i f\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Wall Thickness Tolerance (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i g\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Steel Thickness (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i h\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bearing Material Type
+\par\intbl   \i\b 2\plain\fs20    Bronze
+\par\intbl   \i\b 3\plain\fs20    Aluminium\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i I\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bearing Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i j\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Checking Load (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i k\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Checking Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i l\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Minimum Checking Overstand (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i m\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Checking Overstand (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i n\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Outer Diameter Multiplier \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i o\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus - Bearing (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i p\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus - Housing (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i q\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Poisson\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Ratio - Bearing\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i r\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Poisson\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Ratio - Housing\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i s\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Housing Linear Coeff of Expansion (oC)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i t\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bearing Linear Coeff of Expansion (oC)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i u\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Journal Linear Coeff of Expansion (oC)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i v\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Minimum Operating Temperature (C)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i x\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Operating Temperature (C)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par 
+\par \f1 Notes:
+\par 
+\par \plain\fs20 1) Typical ranges for tolerances are as follows,
+\par \pard\tx355 \tab \tab Housing Tolerance (item \i b\plain\fs20 )\tab \tab 0.012 - 0.019 mm
+\par \tab \tab Journal Tolerance (item \i d\plain\fs20 )\tab \tab \tab 0.012 - 0.016 mm
+\par \tab \tab Wall Thickness Tolerance (item \i f\plain\fs20 )\tab 0.006 - 0.008 mm
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 2) The Outer Multiplier, (item \i n\plain\fs20 ), is the ratio, relative to the maximum housing diameter, that is used to calculate the effective outer diameter of the housing.
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 3) The wall thickness, (item \i e\plain\fs20 ), is the overall bearing shell thickness value, whilst the maximum steel thickness, (item g), is the thickness of the backing shell only.
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 4) Typical values for the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, (items s,t and\i  u) \plain\fs20 are,
+\par \tab \tab Steel \tab \tab \tab 12.0 x10-6/oC
+\par \tab \tab Cast Iron\tab \tab 11.0 x10-6/oC
+\par \tab \tab Aluminium\tab \tab 22.0 x10-6/oC\plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \pard\tx355 \plain\fs20 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\b\fs28 Joint 2 - Connecting Rod Bolt - Overview
+\par \pard \plain\fs20 
+\par \b 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm4.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Procedure
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 A connecting rod bolt is required to provide sufficient clamp load under all assembly and operating conditions to maintain contact between the connecting rod and the cap.  In addition the alternating load \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 felt\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  by the bolt must not lead to fatigue failure of the bolt.  Bolt under head stresses at the maximum clamp load must be less than the compressive yield strength of the connecting rod cap, and the minimum length of thread engagement must be greater than that required to carry the maximum bolt load.
+\par \pard\li565 Bolt loads and stresses are based on the joint diagram, derived from the relative stiffness of bolt, shell, and rod.  The bolt \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 felt\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  load can then be determined for any given applied load.
+\par Due to the eccentric nature of the joint, applied loads are factored by an assumed lever ratio, this lever ratio being derived from the joint moment arms
+\par The joint diagram can also be used to determine the theoretical separation point, by including the leverage ratio of the eccentrically applied load, and comparing to the minimum clamp load, which is based on the condition of minimum bolt load and the maximum bearing overstand.
+\par \pard\li565 Thick shell theory and the bearing and housing dimensions are used to derive the maximum bearing shell overstand, stiffness, and crush load under assembly conditions.
+\par \pard 
+\par \b Results
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The suitability of the connecting rod bolt joint in terms of assembly, thread engagement, under head stress and clamp load for the proposed load cases, or the required fastener specification.
+\par \pard \b 
+\par 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 \fs28 Joint 2 - Connecting Rod Bolt - Data Requirements
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm4.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Identification:
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\pard\intbl\qc Project ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Engine ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Date\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \b 
+\par 
+\par Program Objectives:
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li845\tx355 1) \tab To confirm clamping reserve factor acceptable. (>1.2)
+\par 2)\tab To establish bolt fatigue reserve factor. (>1.2)
+\par 3)\tab To establish underhead contact reserve factor. (>1.0)
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 \b Drawing Numbers:
+\par \pard\tx355 \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \f1 Component\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Number\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Data Requirements:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 a\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Piston Assembly Mass (kg)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i b\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Small End Mass (kg)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i c\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Big End Mass (kg)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i d\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Big End Cap Mass (kg)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i e\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Engine Speed (rpm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i f\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Rod Centre Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i g\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Crankshaft Stroke (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i h\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Shell Stiffness (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i I\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Nominal Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i j\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Tensile Stress Area (mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i k\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Thread Core Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i l\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Thread Pitch (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i m\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Head Thickness (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i n\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i o\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Free Thread Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i p\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 No of Bolt Sections\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\fs20 
+\par \pard\tx355 \tab        \tab    \f1 For Each Bolt Section
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Length (mm)\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl 1\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 2\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 3\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 4\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 5\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 q\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i r\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Head Face Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i s\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i t\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Comp Yield Strength (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i u\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Minimum Bolt Preload (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i v\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Bolt Preload (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i w\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Shell Crush Load (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i x\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Joint Lever Ratio\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i y\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Endurance Limit (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \f1 Notes:
+\par 
+\par \plain\fs20 1) Items \i j,k,\plain\fs20  \i u\plain\fs20  and \i v\plain\fs20  can be obtained from program \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 Joint\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  output.
+\par 
+\par 2) Typical bolt endurance limit, (item y), is 75 N/mm2, this assumes a rolled thread and high strength grade base material.
+\par 
+\par 3) Free thread length, (item \i o),\plain\fs20  is the length of the threaded portion under tension, i.e. first engaged thread to start of plain shank portion.
+\par 
+\par 4) Foot diameter, (item \i q\plain\fs20 ), is the equivalent diameter of the assumed effective column of material within the joint.
+\par \pard 
+\par 5) Items .\i h \plain\fs20 and \i w\plain\fs20  can be obtained from program \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 Bees\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  output.\plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par 6) Typical values for joint lever ratio vary between 1.4 and 1.6.
+\par 
+\par 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 \b\fs28 Joint 3 - Main Bearing Bolt - Overview
+\par \pard \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li565 \b 
+\par \pard \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm5.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Procedure
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The correct clamping of the main bearing is essential to provide consistent bearing support under the applied loads.  These loads are derived from the bearing analysis program.
+\par Normally due to the eccentric nature of the joint, applied loads are factored by an assumed lever ratio, this lever ratio being derived from the joint moment arms.
+\par  The working load in the bolt is determined by considering the relative stiffness of the bearing cap, bolt, and bearing shell.
+\par Thick shell theory and the bearing and housing dimensions are used to derive the maximum bearing shell overstand, stiffness and crush load under assembly conditions.
+\par \pard\li565 Given the strengths of the mating components and bolt the required length of thread engagement is calculated, and under head contact stresses compared to the component compressive strength.
+\par \pard 
+\par \b Results
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The suitability of the main bearing bolt joint in terms of assembly, thread engagement, under head stress and clamp load for the proposed load cases, or the required fastener specification.
+\par \pard \b 
+\par 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 \fs28 Joint 3 - Main Bearing Bolt - Data Requirements
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm5.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Identification:
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\pard\intbl\qc Project ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Engine ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Date\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \b 
+\par 
+\par Program Objectives:
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li845\tx355 1) \tab To confirm vertical clamping reserve factor acceptable. (>1.2)
+\par 2) \tab To confirm horizontal clamping reserve factor acceptable. (>1.2)
+\par 3)\tab To establish bolt fatigue reserve factor. (>1.2)
+\par 4)\tab To establish underhead contact reserve factor. (>1.0)
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 \b Drawing Numbers:
+\par \pard\tx355 \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \f1 Component\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Number\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Data Requirements:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 a\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Horizontal Bearing Load (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i b\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Vertical Bearing Load (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i c\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Coefficient of Friction\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i d\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Shell Stiffness (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i e\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Nominal Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i f\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Tensile Stress Area (mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i g\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Thread Core Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i h\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Thread Pitch (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i i\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Head Thickness (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i j\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i k\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Free Thread Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i l\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Washer Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i m\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Washer Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i n\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Washer Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i o\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 No of Bolt Sections\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\fs20 
+\par \pard\tx355 \tab        \tab    \f1 For Each Bolt Section
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Length (mm)\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl 1\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 2\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 3\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 4\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 5\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 p\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i q\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Head Face Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i r\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i s\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Comp Yield Strength (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i t\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Minimum Bolt Preload (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i u\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Bolt Preload (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i v\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Shell Crush Load (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i w\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Joint Lever Ratio\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i x\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Endurance Limit (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \f1 Notes:
+\par 
+\par \plain\fs20 1) Items \i f,g,\plain\fs20  \i t\plain\fs20  and \i u\plain\fs20  can be obtained from program \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 Joint\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  output.
+\par 
+\par 2) Typical bolt endurance limit, (item x), is 75 N/mm2, this assumes a rolled thread and high strength grade base material.
+\par 
+\par 3) Free thread length, (item \i k),\plain\fs20  is the length of the threaded portion under tension, i.e. first engaged thread to start of plain shank portion.
+\par 
+\par 4) Foot diameter, (item \i p\plain\fs20 ), is the equivalent diameter of the assumed effective column of material within the joint.
+\par \pard 
+\par 5) Items .\i d \plain\fs20 and \i v\plain\fs20  can be obtained from program \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 Bees\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  output.\plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par 6) Typical values for joint lever ratio vary between 1.0 for a ladder frame or four bolt fix, to 1.7 for a conventional two bolt separate cap.
+\par 
+\par 7) With a four bolt fix bearing cap the vertical bearing load, (item a), the shell stiffness (item \i d\plain\fs20 ), and the maximum shell crush load, (item \i v\plain\fs20 ) should all be halved for the correct calculation of reserve factors.\plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \pard \plain\fs20 
+\par \b 
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\b\fs28 Joint 4 - Cylinder Head Bolt - Overview
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par \pard\li565 
+\par \pard \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm6.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Procedure\i 
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 Cylinder head clamp loads are required to maintain adequate gasket security under all starting and running conditions.
+\par Clamping loads are considered for a single bore acting in isolation with shared bolts containing the cylinder of interest.  Clamp loads must cover the scatter in bolt material properties, friction, gasket relaxation, and applied gas loads.  Working loads in the bolts are controlled by the relative stiffness of joint, bolt and gasket.
+\par \pard 
+\par \b Results
+\par \pard\li565 \plain\fs20 The suitability of the cylinder head bolt joint in terms of assembly, thread engagement, under head stress and clamp load for the proposed load cases, or the required fastener specification.
+\par \page
+{\up +}
+{\up $}
+{\up #}
+{\up >}
+\pard\keepn\sb235\sa55 {\up K}
+\b\fs28 Joint 4 - Cylinder Head Bolt - Data Requirements
+\par \pard \fs20 
+\par 
+\par \plain\uldb\fs20 \{bmc bm6.bmp\}\plain\fs20 
+\par \b Identification:
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\pard\intbl\qc Project ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Engine ID\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Date\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft-106 \cellx2195\cellx4495\cellx6795\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \b 
+\par 
+\par Program Objectives:
+\par \plain\fs20 
+\par \pard\li845\tx355 1) \tab To confirm clamping reserve factor acceptable. (>3.0)
+\par 2)\tab To establish bolt fatigue reserve factor. (>1.2)
+\par 3)\tab To establish underhead contact reserve factor. (>1.0)
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 
+\par \pard\tx355 \b Drawing Numbers:
+\par \pard\tx355 \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \f1 Component\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Number\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx5245\cellx7655\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard 
+\par 
+\par \b Data Requirements:
+\par \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 a\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Cylinder Bore (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i b\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Peak Cylinder Pressure (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i c\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 No of Bolts in Group\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i d\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Gasket Stiffness (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i e\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Gasket Relaxation (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i f\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Nominal Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i g\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Tensile Stress Area (mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i h\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Thread Core Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i i\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Thread Pitch (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i j\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Head Thickness (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i k\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i l\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Free Thread Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i m\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Washer Length (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i n\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Washer Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i o\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Washer Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i p\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 No of Bolt Sections\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard\tx355 \plain\f0\fs20 \tab        \tab    \f1 For Each Bolt Section
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Length (mm)\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl 1\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 2\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 3\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 4\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft1124 \cellx1555\cellx4815\cellx7085\pard\intbl 5\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par 
+\par \trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \f1 \cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Variable\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc Value\cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl\qc \plain\i\fs20 q\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i r\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Head Face Diameter (mm)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i s\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Young\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1 s Modulus (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i t\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Foot Comp Yield Strength (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i u\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Minimum Bolt Preload (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i v\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Maximum Bolt Preload (N)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\trowd\trgaph105\trleft704 \cellx1275\cellx5805\cellx7795\pard\intbl \pard\intbl\qc \i w\cell\pard \pard\intbl\qc \pard\intbl \plain\fs20 Bolt Endurance Limit (N/mm2)\cell\pard \pard\intbl \cell\intbl\row
+\pard \plain\f0\b\fs20 
+\par \f1 Notes:
+\par 
+\par \plain\fs20 1) Items \i g,h,\plain\fs20  \i u\plain\fs20  and \i v\plain\fs20  can be obtained from program \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 Joint\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  output.
+\par 
+\par 2) Typical bolt endurance limit, (item w), is 75 N/mm2, this assumes a rolled thread and high strength grade base material.
+\par 
+\par 3) Free thread length, (item \i l),\plain\fs20  is the length of the threaded portion under tension, i.e. first engaged thread to start of plain shank portion.
+\par 
+\par 4) Foot diameter, (item \i q\plain\fs20 ), is the equivalent diameter of the assumed effective column of material within the joint.
+\par \pard 
+\par 5) Typical values for gasket stiffness, (item \i d\plain\fs20 ), vary between 200000 N/mm2 and 600000 N/mm2 depending on construction. (i.e. three layer metal gasket would be towards the top end of this range, whilst a \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 conventional\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  fibre gasket would be towards the low end).
+\par 
+\par 6) Typical values for gasket relaxation, (item \i e\plain\fs20 ), vary between 0.09 mm and 0.15 mm again depending on construction. (i.e. three layer metal gasket would be towards the low end of this range, whilst a \plain\f0\fs20 \'91\f1 conventional\plain\f0\fs20 \'92\f1  fibre gasket would be towards the top end).
+\par \pard 
+\par \page
+}

Lotus Concept Valve Train 2.05g/ValveTrain.hlp/ValveTrain.hpj

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+[OPTIONS]
+TITLE=Lotus Concept Valve Train - On-Line Help
+CONTENTS=Intro1
+COPYRIGHT=Copyright Lotus Engineering, 2001.
+LCID=0x809 0x0 0x0
+CNT=ValveTrain.cnt
+COMPRESS=12
+
+[WINDOWS]
+main="Lotus Concept Valve Train - On Line Help",(0,0,695,938),28676,,(160,218,139)
+
+[CONFIG]
+BrowseButtons()
+
+[FILES]
+ValveTrain.rtf
+